1 Overview
The Hall effect is one of the commonly used sensor sensing technologies and can be used to detect speed, angle, displacement, etc. in the automotive field. Among them, the speed detection usually uses a differential Hall sensor.
In addition to meeting the electrical requirements of the system, the speed sensor needs to be combined with its actual use environment such as the target wheel pitch, magnetic field strength, vibration suppression algorithm, speed range, etc. Therefore, to design a sensor suitable for the application of the system, it is necessary to collect the target wheel information.
This article describes how to use the TLE491-5U product features for target wheel information acquisition, by analyzing the sensor differential magnetic field signals, and combining sensor algorithms to select the right product for the application.
2. Introduction to TLE4921-5U
The TLE4921-5U is a Hall-based differential speed sensor with high sensitivity and excellent temperature stability and symmetrical threshold for stable duty cycle. By measuring changes in magnetic flux to detect target wheel motion and reference position, available For speed measurement such as wheel speed, gearbox speed, crankshaft speed, etc.
As shown in Figure 1, the TLE4921-5U is mainly composed of a power supply adjustment circuit, a Hall probe, a differential amplifier, a deviation compensation filter, a Schmitt trigger, and an open collector output.
The distance between the TLE4921-5U Hall probes is 2.5mm. The differential Hall probe detects the change of the magnetic field and generates differential signals. The differential signals include DC signals and AC signals. The differential signals are processed by high-pass filters and external capacitors to eliminate DC offset. The component, AC signal controls the turn-on and turn-off of the open-drain circuit by comparing Bop and Brp.
Figure 1: System Block Diagram of TLE4921-5U
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the differential signal generation and processing of the Hall speed sensor. The magnet integrated on the back of the chip provides a constant magnetic field required for the operation of the sensor. For Hall effect sensors, the commonly used back magnetic materials mainly include rare earth materials such as NdFeB and SmCo. When the two Hall probes detect the same magnetic field strength, regardless of the strength of the magnetic field, the difference is zero, and the signal sensed by the differential Hall sensor is zero. A differential signal is generated when two Hall probes detect a change in the magnetic field. The differential signal amplitude is affected by the differential magnetic field strength. The stronger the differential magnetic field signal, the stronger the differential signal is generated, and vice versa. During signal processing, when the differential signal exceeds ΔBrp, the collector output circuit is turned off. At this time, the output terminal is pulled up to the power supply voltage by the pull-up resistor, and the output is high. When the differential signal is smaller than ΔBop, the collector output circuit is open. At this time, since the collector internal resistance is much lower than the pull-up resistor, the output terminal is pulled down to the ground and the output is low.
Figure 2: Sensor signal generation and processing
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