Lamps are home appliances that every family buys. With the development of technology, in addition to the basic functions of lighting, lamps have gradually appeared in various intelligent products such as dimmable color temperature and human body induction.
Light, whether for lighting or to create an atmosphere, always depends on the human eye to feel, unsuitable light, unqualified lighting, the lighting effect will be greatly reduced, and may even hurt people's eyes.
Therefore, some common sense when purchasing lamps, we must know, in order to buy a light bulb scientifically.
Let's talk about the light source first.
Common sources of civil lamps are incandescent lamps, (halogen) lamp cups, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps and LED lamps.
First, incandescent lamp
1, working principle: incandescent lamp is also called tungsten wire lamp. When a current passes through the filament, a large amount of heat is generated, so that the temperature of the filament is above 2000 degrees Celsius and is in an incandescent state, so it is called an incandescent lamp.
2, advantages: incandescent lamp is closest to the sun, color rendering is very good, color rendering index 99 ~ 100; the price is cheap.
3. Disadvantages: Only about 10% of the energy consumed by incandescent lamps can be converted into light energy, while the rest is lost in the form of heat, and the service life usually does not exceed 1000 hours. Two words: no energy saving, short life.
Summary: Although incandescent lamps are cheaper and have better color rendering, they consume a lot of power and have a short life span. Most of the energy is used for heating, and the performance is far lower than that of the new generation of new light sources. It has been asked to gradually withdraw from the market.
Figure: Because it is glowing, blanching is a fatal injury to incandescent lamps, and it is also the reason why it is not efficient (high wattage but not bright enough).
Second, halogen lamps (commonly known as lamp cups, cup lamps, spotlights)
The spotlights that are commonly used in most homes are the ones used.
1. Working principle: A variant of incandescent lamp, the principle is to inject halogen gas such as iodine or bromine into the bulb. At high temperature, the sublimated tungsten wire and the halogen chemically act, and the cooled tungsten will re-solidify on the tungsten wire. A balanced cycle is formed to avoid premature rupture of the tungsten filament. Therefore halogen bulbs last longer than incandescent lamps.
2. Advantages: It is also close to the continuous spectrum of sunlight, and the color rendering is very good. The color rendering index is above 95; the price is also relatively cheap. Small size and good light control, so it is suitable for projection lighting occasions.
3. Disadvantages: Do not change the essence of incandescent lamps, or heat and glow, most of which are lost by heat, and the light conversion efficiency is not high. Life expectancy has increased to 2000-4000 hours, not bad.
Summary: cheaper color rendering, small size and good light control, suitable for use in areas where projection lighting is required and the color reproduction requirements of the object are relatively high.
There are many replacement LED lamp cups on the market, but the halogen lamp cup level is achieved in color rendering ability and light control. The price is still several times that of the ultra-halogen lamp cup. If the price is acceptable, you can buy the LED lamp. Cup replacement, cheap LED light cups or not to buy as well.
Third, fluorescent lamps (commonly known as light bars)
1, working principle: fluorescent lamp is also called fluorescent lamp. The fluorescent tube is filled with argon and a small amount of mercury, and the inner wall of the tube is coated with phosphor. The fluorescent lamp emits ultraviolet light during the process of gas discharge, and the phosphor absorbs ultraviolet light to release visible light.
2. Advantages: The revolution of efficiency, the luminous efficiency of fluorescent lamps is higher than that of incandescent lamps.
3. Disadvantages: The color rendering is relatively poor, especially in the early non-three-color toner fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps contain harmful elements such as mercury, which have certain environmental hazards. In addition, ultraviolet radiation and stroboscopic phenomena can also cause damage to human eyes.
Summary: thanks to the green lighting, vigorously promote the use of fluorescent lamps, so China is currently the country with the highest popularity of fluorescent lamps in the world, but with the increasing attention to health and environmental protection, the harm caused by fluorescent lamps is increasingly being used by people. Rickets.
At present, there are many replacement LED tubes , and the price is also very low. You can consider replacing the original fluorescent tubes gradually, especially in the lamp slots. However, you should pay special attention to the blue light hazard of LED products (do not buy dazzling blue and blue) and glare (do not buy a normal glare when installed on the ceiling).
Third, energy saving lamps
1. Working principle: The energy-saving lamp is a compact fluorescent lamp with a ballast.
2, advantages: small size, energy saving than incandescent lamps, life is longer than incandescent lamps. Prices are very cheap because of government subsidies, but supermarkets are very expensive to sell, and the price of LEDs is already lower than the energy-saving lamps in the stores.
3. Disadvantages: low color rendering index, serious discoloration when looking at things; fragile products, mercury added inside, and no good recycling mechanism, the environmental pollution caused cannot be ignored; the ballast used in energy-saving lamps is in an instant At high pressures, certain electromagnetic radiation is generated.
Summary: Very popular, very popular, very popular! Energy-saving lamps have brought a lot of convenience to our lives, but it also brings a lot of problems: mercury pollution, stroboscopic and electromagnetic radiation. Visual inspection will be completely replaced by LED products.
Four: LED lights
1. Working principle: LED is a light-emitting diode, which is a solid-state semiconductor device capable of converting electrical energy into visible light, which can directly convert electricity into light.
2. Advantages: The luminous efficiency is higher than that of incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. In theory, the life is very long, and the luminous time can reach 100,000 hours. The actual product is basically 30,000-50,000 hours, which is not enough for the household; no ultraviolet rays and Infrared radiation; no pollution elements such as lead and mercury.
3. Disadvantages: The quality of LED lamps on the market is not good. The price has been not a problem in recent years, but the quality of low-priced products is really worrying.
Summary: LED has obvious advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and health, and will become the mainstream lighting source in the future. The future of LED is bright, but the road is still tortuous.
Here's how to choose an LED bulb by feeling:
1, you look uncomfortable, don't buy!
2, the hand reaches under the light bulb, I feel that my hand is not ruddy and good-looking, don't buy!
3, use the phone to look at the light bulb, the flash is terrible, don't buy!
4, listen to the buzzing, don't buy!
5, the price is too cheap (you think that buying a cheaper does not buy will lose the kind), don't buy!
6, the package does not mark these parameters: power (W), luminous efficiency (lm / w), color temperature (K), color rendering index CRI, do not buy!
7, color rendering index CRI <80, do not buy!
8, color temperature is greater than 5000K (whether the home uses this miserable color temperature), do not buy!
As a new generation of lighting sources, LEDs are more efficient than incandescent, fluorescent and energy-saving lamps, and are more healthy and environmentally friendly.
Then let's talk about luminous efficiency.
Before we introduce luminous efficiency, let's talk about power first.
When we buy lamps or buy light sources, we often ask the store how many watts this lamp is, or directly say to the boss, "I want a 15 watt bulb." This power data reflects only the indicator of power consumption, but our subtext is actually a light that wants to have "the brightness".
So the problem is, even the same 15 watt incandescent, fluorescent, energy-saving and LED lights, the brightness of the lighting they produce is not the same, and the difference is far. Why is this?
It is because of the different types of lamps of the same power, their luminous flux is different.
Luminous flux is the amount of light emitted by a light source per unit of time, in lumens. This value reflects the amount of visible light that the human eye can actually receive, that is, it is a parameter based on human perception, which is an objective manifestation of "having that brightness."
Therefore, we can say to the boss very strongly: "I want a light bulb." However, few bosses can understand our needs, and few products will be marked on the package. How many lumens are there.
Tip: Look at the light bulb package, there is usually a power (W) above, and a luminous efficiency (in lm / W unit), can be converted into luminous flux (lm). There is also a direct luminous flux on the package (in lm units), and how much light flux (lm) should be used when buying a lamp, not how many watts.
Generally speaking, with the inherent life experience, the amount of light emitted by a 60W incandescent lamp is about 600lm. You can buy it with this feeling.
However, it is still necessary to understand the luminous efficiency. Luminous efficiency is a parameter of a light source that is the ratio of luminous flux to power. Different types of light sources have different luminous efficiencies. Generally, incandescent lamps have a luminous efficiency of about 10-15 lumens per watt, and fluorescent lamps (including energy-saving lamps) have luminous efficiencies of 50 to 100 lumens per watt, and the range of LED lamps is also It is relatively wide, and most of them range from 60 to 120 lumens per watt.
It can be seen that, in principle, to achieve the same luminous flux, the LED lamp only needs lower power, so the LED lamp is a new generation energy-saving and environmental protection light source.
Well, the above expertise can be completely forgotten, because there is really no use in life, we only need to remember that good LEDs have high luminous efficiency and relatively low power consumption.
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