This article uses a low voltage bandgap reference structure. The TSMC 0.13μm CMOS process was completed, including the design of the core circuit, operational amplifier, bias and startup circuit, and the circuit was verified by Cadence Spectre.
The reference voltage is an indispensable parameter in the design of digital-to-analog hybrid circuits, and the bandgap reference is the most widely available solution for generating this voltage. In today's large number of handheld applications, low power design has become a major trend in today's circuit design. As the size of the CMOS process decreases, the power consumption and area of ​​the digital circuit will drop significantly, but the drop in the supply voltage presents new challenges to the design of the analog circuit. The traditional bandgap reference structure is no longer suitable for the supply voltage, so a new low-voltage design has emerged.
1 How the traditional bandgap reference works
The traditional bandgap reference works by using two temperature coefficients to cancel a DC voltage with zero temperature coefficient. Figure 1 shows the structure of the core of a conventional bandgap reference. The area of ​​the bipolar transistor Q2 is n times that of Q1.
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