Foreword
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The application of electric vehicle control system is an inevitable trend of high-tech development in today's automotive industry. The four main control units of electric vehicle control system are electric vehicle complete vehicle control system, motor control system, charger control system and battery management control system. The electric vehicle control system consists of the vehicle controller, communication system, component controller and driver control system. Its main function is to ensure safety and safety according to the driver's operation and current working conditions of the whole vehicle and parts. Under the premise of dynamics, choose the working mode and energy distribution ratio that are optimized as possible to achieve the best fuel economy and emission standards.
I. Electric vehicle control system and function analysis
1) Control object: The electric vehicle drive system includes several different energy-hungry energy storage components (fuel cells, internal combustion engines or other heat engines, power batteries and/or super capacitors), which include chemical energy, electrical energy and Conversion between mechanical energy.
The power flow diagram of the electric vehicle power system is as follows:
2) Electric vehicle control system structure: The components of the electric vehicle power system have their own controllers, which provide the basis for distributed layered control. Distributed hierarchical control can achieve topology separation and functional separation of the control system. The topological separation makes the subsystems of the subsystems in different parts of the powerless structure in different positions, thus reducing the electromagnetic interference. The function separation enables the various subsystem components to perform relatively independent functions, thereby reducing the mutual influence and improving the fault tolerance. ability.
3) There are three main aspects to the impact of the vehicle control system on vehicle performance:
1 Power and economy
2 security
3 driving comfort and coordinated control of the whole vehicle
The electric vehicle control system is as follows:
Second, the electric vehicle controller
The VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) is the core component of the electric vehicle control system. It collects the motor control system signal, the accelerator pedal signal, the brake pedal signal and other component signals, and integrates according to the driver's driving intention. After analyzing and making corresponding judgments, monitor the work of each unit of the vehicle (including driving the meter display unit).
1) Vehicle controller function: The vehicle controller is the core of the control system and undertakes the tasks of data exchange, safety management and energy distribution. According to the degree of importance and the order of implementation, the functions are divided as follows.
1 data interaction management layer 2 security failure management layer 3 driver intention layer 4 energy flow management layer
2) Development of vehicle controller
The current ECU development mostly uses the V-mode development process. The V model development process is as follows:
First step, function definition and offline simulation
The second step, fast controller prototyping and hardware development
The third step, the target code generation
The fourth step, hardware-in-the-loop simulation
The fifth step, debugging and calibration
Conclusion
The electric vehicle control system is a very complicated system. The entire electric vehicle control system also needs to be combined with the wheel drive based on CAN bus and serial communication bus, electric vehicle communication system and battery monitoring system to realize the detection of vehicle running status. , control, and troubleshooting. In recent years, the development of domestic electric vehicle control systems has made great progress. With the development of electric motors and drive systems, electric vehicle control systems tend to be intelligent and digital. Nonlinear intelligent control technologies such as variable structure control, fuzzy control, neural network, adaptive control, expert control, and genetic algorithms are all applied to the motor control system of electric vehicles.
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