Let's walk you through the production structure of a film blowing machine:
1. Production Process and Working Principle
The process begins with dry polyethylene pellets being fed into the lower hopper. These pellets naturally fall into the screw mechanism due to gravity. As they come into contact with the helical flights of the screw, the rotating motion generates a thrust perpendicular to the beveled surface, pushing the plastic forward. During this movement, friction between the plastic and the screw, as well as between the plastic and the barrel, along with particle collisions, causes the material to gradually melt. This melting is further assisted by external heating from the barrel. Once melted, the plastic passes through the die after being filtered to remove impurities. It then cools down using an air ring, expands via a herringbone plate, is pulled by a traction roller, and finally wound into a roll of finished film.
2. Main Components
The machine consists of several key parts: the extruder, die head, die, cooling system, bubble stand, herringbone plate, traction unit, and winding device.
Extruder
The extruder is made up of a screw, barrel, feeding hopper, and a speed-reducing Motor. The motor can be an electromagnetic speed control motor or a variable frequency motor. The screw rotates inside the barrel via belt drive. When heated, the pellets are melted and pushed through the die after passing through three stages of filtration.
Three-Way Filter
This component includes a filter, filter plate, and three-way gland, ensuring the molten plastic is clean before it exits the die.
Die
The die shapes the molten plastic into a tubular form, which will later become the film.
Cooling System
Comprising an air ring, ducts, and a blower, this system helps cool the extruded tube quickly, maintaining its shape and integrity.
Traction Unit
This includes a frame, herringbone plate, traction rollers, take-up mechanism, and a motor. It controls the pulling speed of the film, ensuring even thickness and proper inflation of the bubble.
Electrical Control System
The control panel houses all electrical components, including main switches, temperature regulators, and safety systems. Temperature sensors (thermocouples) automatically monitor and regulate the heat in the barrel, die, and other critical areas. This ensures consistent and stable operation during production.
3. Operating Procedures
Before starting the machine, make sure all installation work is complete, and check that all bolts are securely fastened. Inspect and add lubricating oil to the gearbox and air compressor, and ensure all mechanical parts are properly lubricated. Check the power supply and grounding for each machine. Do not start the machine if the barrel is not empty or if the temperature hasn't reached the required level. Make sure the raw materials are free of foreign objects like metal shavings or moisture. If necessary, pre-dry the material. Confirm that the heating and temperature monitoring systems are functioning correctly. Keep unauthorized personnel away during startup to prevent accidents such as overheating or entanglement of hair and clothing.
Normal Operation Steps
First, heat the extruder, die, and head to the correct temperatures. If the machine has been idle for a long time, allow 10–30 minutes for the temperature to stabilize. If it’s been less than 30 minutes, no need for constant temperature. Start the air compressor and stop it once the pressure reaches 6–8 kg/cm². Based on the desired film diameter and thickness, estimate the traction speed and bubble size. Once the temperature is stable, wear appropriate protective gear and start the traction unit, blower, and extruder sequentially. When the die output becomes uniform, slowly pull the tube blank and close the end. Slightly open the air intake valve to introduce a small amount of compressed air through the core rod. Carefully guide the bubble through the herringbone plate and onto the traction and guide rollers until it reaches the winding station. Finally, check the film thickness and width, and adjust as needed to meet specifications.
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