Routing algorithm
The routing algorithm is used to find one or more paths from the source to the target node in a specific topology. The dimension order algorithm (dimension order rouTIng) determines the dimensional order routing. In the Mesh structure, a deadlock-free routing can be achieved without a virtual channel [4]. It is simple to implement but has poor performance, especially when the service load is uneven and the switching structure is large in scale. The adaptive routing algorithm balances the load by looking for idle channels and increases the throughput of the entire structure. Literature [5] proposed a partial adaptive shortest path routing algorithm (PAR) without deadlock: for any size Mesh structure, only three virtual channels are needed to solve the deadlock. This algorithm has certain Adaptive characteristics. If the algorithm is applied in Torus, because the Torus structure has a loop between the farthest node pairs in each dimension compared to the Mesh structure, it is necessary to provide a double virtual channel to prevent deadlock.
Literature [6] provides a method for constructing an adaptive routing algorithm. It is to provide additional escape routes for blocked packets. The channel is used after the packet is blocked, and at the same time, a certain resource limit is used in the network formed by the escape channel to prevent deadlock. More adaptive features than PAR.
The Star_channel algorithm uses up to 5 virtual channels to prevent deadlocks [7]. The shortest path algorithm with full adaptability, that is, the routing algorithm can apply all the shortest paths from the source node s to the destination node d.
The three algorithms mentioned in this article are all dynamically adaptive and change routing according to the state of the network. There is also a routing algorithm that has nothing to do with the state of the network, as described below.
The algorithm in [8] balances the load by randomly selecting quadrants and intermediate nodes. The RLB algorithm has been further improved here [9] to ensure load balancing in the same dimension. Because it has nothing to do with the structure state, this algorithm can be implemented using the source routing table method. The source routing table technology is more suitable in the data exchange structure. The routing algorithm simplifies the implementation of intermediate nodes and higher processing speeds and improves the throughput of the entire structure. Moreover, when using the source routing table, changing the routing settings is simple, and only the routing table on the source node needs to be updated.
The algorithms described in this article all prevent deadlock by restricting resources, make full use of the physical link bandwidth, and balance the load on each physical link, but the utilization of cache resources on the nodes is not high. The strategy of deadlock recovery can solve this problem.
Application Analysis of Direct Interconnect Structure in Data Exchange
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