Lonworks, short for Local Operating Network, is an open and fully distributed monitoring system that provides a powerful and efficient network platform. It stands out among existing fieldbus technologies due to its unique features and has been widely adopted in many national standards in China. The technology utilizes large-scale integrated neuron chips that combine control and communication functions, enabling the creation of various intelligent monitoring nodes. These nodes are interconnected through network transceivers and communication media, forming a fully distributed local operating network known as the LON network.
Lonworks is essentially a measurement and control network technology, specifically designed for industrial applications, often referred to as fieldbus technology. It enables easy networking of field sensors, actuators, and meters. Unlike traditional local area networks, Lonworks is tailored for industrial environments, where it efficiently transmits small volumes of monitoring, status, and control information.
At the core of Lonworks lies the Neuron Chip, a 3-bit 8-bit CPU that integrates both communication and control capabilities. Alongside the Lontalk protocol and 34 standard I/O objects, it employs a complete seven-layer communication protocol based on the OSI model. Using an object-oriented design approach, Lonworks introduces the concept of "network variables," which simplifies network communication design to basic parameter settings. This not only reduces development effort but also enhances communication reliability.
**Lonworks Transmission Methods:**
- **Single-ended mode:** Primarily used with fiber optic cables, copper coaxial cables, or wireless RF transceivers.
- **Differential mode:** Used for connecting twisted pair network transceivers.
**Lonworks Structural Model:**
Lonworks adopts the full seven-layer communication protocol structure from the OSI model, offering functionalities similar to LANs. Its compatibility with different network types is superior to other fieldbus systems, earning it the title of "universal control network." It also provides LAN interfaces, allowing seamless integration between the two.
**Lonworks Hierarchy**
**Lonworks Network Architecture:**
The Lonworks Control Network consists of five key components:
1. **Network Protocol (Lontalk):** Defines how devices communicate across the network.
2. **Network Transmission Media:** Includes twisted pair, power line, infrared, fiber optics, and coaxial cable.
3. **Network Equipment:** Comprises intelligent measurement and control units (nodes), routers, and gateways.
4. **Actuators:** Devices that perform physical actions based on control signals.
5. **Management Software (Lontalk Open Communication Protocol):** Enables configuration, monitoring, and management of the network.
**Key Components:**
- **Router:** A critical part of Lonworks, connecting different media-based networks. Routers can act as repeaters, bridges, or full routers, helping manage network traffic and improve performance.
- **Communication Media:** The physical medium used for data transmission between nodes.
- **Network Management Tools:** Essential for assigning addresses, configuring network variables, and maintaining the network once it's operational.
- **Lontalk Support for Large Networks:**
- **Domain:** Ensures independent communication across different domains.
- **Subnet:** Each domain can have up to 255 subnets, logically grouping channels.
- **Node:** Each subnet supports up to 27 nodes, resulting in a maximum of 32,385 nodes per domain.
- Every Neuron Chip has a unique 48-bit ID address, ensuring reliable and secure communication.
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