On June 12, a serious traffic accident occurred in Hangzhou due to the exit of the expressway, which caused serious consequences of one death. In the memory of the deceased, the cause of the accident also caused my thinking. Although the exact cause of the current accident is still inconclusive, we rely on the monitoring video screen analysis. In this accident, the forced line of the car due to the missed intersection is the main cause of the accident, but the driver is likely to be in a hurry. Mistakes in the side mirrors or blind spots in the side mirrors were another factor in the accident. If in similar circumstances, the vehicle can warn the driver to alert the potential danger of imminence, perhaps the tragedy will not happen. Today, with the rapid development of automotive technology, side mirrors are constantly being expanded by improving the design vision, and the integrated electronic system can further eliminate the blind zone. Today we will come together to explore the secrets of the underside mirrors to protect our driving safety.
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â— One of the hard work: Expanding the horizon
The most basic function of the side mirrors is to observe the vehicles on both sides. The larger the field of view of the side mirrors, the higher the safety factor of the driver in the case of parallel, overtaking, turning, reversing, etc. The easiest way to do this is to increase the side mirrors. The larger the mirror, the better the field of view. However, the extremes must be reversed. This increase is not unlimited. Too big a head will make the whole car look uncoordinated, and it will also affect the observation of the driver's side ahead. After repeated design and development, the "rabbit-type side rearview mirror" finally came into being. This side-view mirror is mainly used on large vehicles, and its name is similar to the shape of two rabbit ears. Its large mirror largely solves the shortcomings of the narrow view of the side mirrors, and its unique shape does not give people a stupid feeling.
Although the rabbit ear side mirror is unique in shape, it is still a bit awkward for the family car. I really can't imagine the extent to which a roadster with two big ears will sprout, and the effect of the oversized side mirror on the wind resistance of the car makes the road go up in the passenger car. For example, the side mirrors of super sports cars often have a slender streamline shape in order to reduce the wind resistance, and Volkswagen's Volkswagen XL1 replaces the traditional side mirrors with a camera. There is no way, since it can't get bigger, it can only work hard from other aspects.
We learned the principle of convex mirrors in junior high school physics classes. At the corners of narrow alleys, we can often see convex mirrors indicating the other side of the corner. Engineers who are well-versed will naturally not turn a blind eye to this. The installation of the convex mirror directly on the side mirror is the simplest innovation in its application, which solves the problem of insufficient view of the side mirror. However, this method is really not very beautiful, and the good side mirrors are out of thin air, which always gives people a feeling of coping with things. So many manufacturers have a relatively complex design - double curvature side mirrors.
The curvature of the mirror of the side mirror changes, and the curvature of the mirror on the outside of the vehicle is large, which is used to enlarge the field of view of the side mirror. Of course, the curvature change causes visual distortion, so the manufacturer will mark the mirror on the mirror for safety reasons to remind the driver to pay attention to the distortion phenomenon. (If you want to have a more intuitive understanding of the influence of the mirror design on the side mirror, please read the "Reference to the driving school does not teach the knowledge (1) use the exterior mirror to determine the distance", the article has the actual test content)
â— Plotting internal work 2: side mirror heating
Through the improvement of the mirror surface, the problem of insufficient view of the side rearview mirror has been greatly improved. However, the visibility of rainy days is much worse than that under clear weather. The raindrops falling from the sky form a water curtain in the air, which affects Driver's vision. In this environment, the car always has to play a 12-point spirit, sloppy, and need to be careful when the vehicle needs to turn and line, to avoid accidents. When your eyes are focused on the side mirrors, it is painful to find that the side mirrors are full of water droplets and become blurred, like a mosaic. What should you do at this time? I believe many people have encountered such a thing. In this case, there are often only two choices, either to look at it with a big eye; or to grieve yourself, in order to wipe off the water droplets on the side mirror, you can only shake the window, let the cold ice and rain mess. made a bid.
The side mirror heating function was developed to avoid this situation. The working principle is very simple, just install a heating sheet (electric heating film) in the lens of the side mirror. At this time, if you encounter rain and snow, just press the side mirror heating button, the heater will quickly heat the side mirror to a fixed temperature within a few minutes (usually 35-60 degrees Celsius). Between the use of heat from the heating sheet to evaporate the water on the side mirrors, so as to avoid the troubles caused by unclear sight.
â— Practicing internal strength three: anti-glare
For the driver, it is not always clear that the better, the people who have experienced the night driving know that the lights of the rear car are particularly dazzling in the dark night, which will affect the driver's vision. . Side mirrors with anti-glare function can filter part of the glare to ensure safe driving.
At present, the most commonly used anti-glare method is to plate the surface of the side mirror to filter the strong light. Although the chrome side mirrors are very good at preventing glare, the plating has a low reflectance and a slight dim at night. Therefore, we more often use a blue mirror coated with titanium dioxide and cerium oxide. This side-view mirror can interfere with high-wavelength visible light, which is easy to produce dazzling, and convert it into blue light, which is the most suitable light for human eyes, thus achieving anti-glare effect. However, this side mirror is complicated in processing and high in cost, so it is often used in mid- to high-end cars.
In addition to the addition of plating on the side mirror surface, some of the electrochemical side view mirrors also have anti-glare functions, such as EC electrochemical side mirrors. The inside contains an adhesive that darkens as long as a small charge is applied to it. Therefore, when the rear headlights emit strong light, the side mirror's light sensor will sense the light intensity and excite the rear view mirror charge, so that the side mirrors will no longer glare.
summary:
Side rearview mirrors are an important guarantee for driving safety. In terms of improving their own functions, they can be described as painstaking efforts and painstaking efforts. They must not only make the driver look clear and wide, but also avoid driving the vehicle safely due to excessive light. Make an impact. But today, when electronic technology is widely used, can only the internal changes meet the demanding requirements of people's driving safety? Obviously this is not enough. Due to the limitation of the body structure, the blind zone is still unavoidable, which has hidden hidden dangers for driving safety. With the aid of electronic systems, the two-pronged approach can be used to see the six-way, more intuitive and convenient to understand every corner of the car, and some components of these systems are also cleverly installed in the side mirrors.
â— Diligent training: one line auxiliary system
During the driving process, due to the design of the body, there are always some blind spots in the visual range that the side mirrors can provide us. In order to solve this problem, many vehicles have installed a parallel assist system. The warning indicator of this system is installed in or around the side mirrors and can be used to assist the driver on the side mirrors. The system can detect the rear vehicle through the radar, and reminds the driver through the warning light that there may be risks in the line, which reduces the hidden danger brought by the blind zone to the vehicle and improves the safety factor of the driving. This system is widely used in major automobile manufacturers. The implementation methods are basically the same, but there are certain differences in the detection methods, scope, installation and other aspects.
â—† Audi lateral auxiliary system
Domestic configuration models:
The manufacturer of the parallel line auxiliary system used in the high-profile models of the domestic Audi A4L, A6L and other models is called the Side Side Assist. It is installed on the sides of the rear bumper by two radars and mounted on the side. The indicator light on the inside of the rearview mirror assists the driver in eliminating the dead zone and completing the line. The system recognizes the current positional speed and direction of movement of the rear side vehicle. The working principle is that high-frequency electromagnetic rays, that is, "microwaves" occur first, and then the rays returned by the detecting object are received and analyzed. The reflective properties of objects vary, the metal can reflect radiation well and the plastic penetrates the beam almost completely, so the system can detect the vehicle very accurately.
When the vehicle speed exceeds 60km/h, the system begins to monitor the road conditions within 50m of the rear and side of the vehicle. If there is a potential merging risk at this time, the warning indicator on the corresponding side mirror will illuminate. If the driver still turns on the turn signal and tries to line up, the warning light on the side mirror will increase in brightness and begin to flash, alerting the driver to the danger.
â—† One of Buick IntelliSafe proactive active safety system features
Domestic configuration models:
GM's IntelliSafe forward-looking active safety system consists of an adaptive cruise system, a collision warning system, a lane departure warning system, a line-assisted system, and a parking warning system. Real-time monitoring of 360 degrees of the whole vehicle is realized by a plurality of ultrasonic sensors and cameras installed in front of and behind the vehicle, and the driver is prevented from taking effective avoidance measures at the first time to reduce the probability of occurrence of a safety accident.
As an important part of IntelliSafe, the parallel auxiliary function is basically the same as the Audi side auxiliary system. When a vehicle approaches, the system gives a warning through the orange light of the exterior mirror to remind the driver not to change lanes. When there is a blind spot in the rearview mirror within 3 meters of the rear, the system will again give a warning through the orange light alarm of the exterior mirror, except that the detection range is larger than the Audi lateral assistance system, up to 70 meters. .
â—† Volvo BLIS blind spot information system
Domestic configuration models:
Volvo's BLIS blind spot information system is different from Audi and Buick's parallel-assisted system. It uses the built-in camera under the side mirrors to feed back the dead zone image to the display screen of the driving computer, and in the rear view. A warning light is placed on the mirror post to alert the driver to the blind spot in this direction.
The camera will monitor the image of 25 frames/second in a fan-shaped blind zone that is 3 meters wide and 9.5 meters long. If there is a speed greater than 10 km/h and the speed difference between the vehicle and the vehicle itself is between 20-70 km/h Objects (vehicles or pedestrians) enter the blind zone, and the system compares each frame of image. When the system thinks the target is closer, the warning light on the A-pillar will illuminate to prevent accidents. However, due to the use of cameras to collect information, when the visibility is very poor (such as fog or blizzard), the working state may be affected, but the BLIS system will also prompt the driver. The system has been used in the XC70, V70 and S60 models since 2005. Since then, Volvo's entire line has adopted this system.
â— Diligent training 2: Lane departure warning system
Domestic configuration models:
Lane Departure Warning System We have described in detail in "The Secret of the Rear View Mirror of the Third Eye", which generally scans the road ahead by a single-eye camera placed on the central rearview mirror, when the vehicle deviates from the lane. Be warned or corrected to ensure safe driving. However, not all lane departure warning cameras are installed in the central rearview mirror. Dongfeng Nissan Qijun is an exception.
The lane departure warning system of Dongfeng Nissan Qijun did not mount the camera on the central rearview mirror, but was placed under the side mirrors. During the running of the vehicle, the camera under the side mirrors scans the lane lines on both sides of the vehicle body to determine whether the vehicle deviates from the lane. The benefit of this design is that it can be integrated with a full range of body imagery, adding a solution to the layout of the lane keeping system.
â— Diligent training 3: Electronic body image
The electronic body image system is not unfamiliar to everyone, and many of today's models have this feature. This kind of system can achieve 360-degree all-round blind zone, and the environment around the car body can be seen through the in-car display screen, which greatly increases the safety of driving under the condition of parking and reversing, and the lateral surveillance camera Mounted on the side mirrors.
The most representative of these is the full range of body image systems. The system is mainly composed of the following six parts: image acquisition, camera calibration, image transformation, image beautification, seamless mosaic of images, and image display. Image acquisition often captures the surrounding conditions of the vehicle using four super wide-angle cameras SWVC (Super-Wide-View-Camera) mounted on the front and rear of the vehicle body. However, since the phenomenon of "fisheye distortion" occurs after the SWVC is used, it is necessary to perform image synthesis and correction through calculation processing, and to synthesize a panoramic bird's-eye view around the vehicle body, thereby displaying the real picture around the vehicle on the vehicle display screen. Avoid the danger of collision during driving.
â—† Nissan and Infiniti AVM full body image system
Configuration model:
Nissan's Qijun, hacker and other models and its high-end brand Infiniti's JX, QX series and other models are equipped with AVM full-body image system. The system monitors the surrounding environment of the vehicle through the four parts of the front part of the vehicle, the rear side mirrors and the rear of the vehicle. The real-time images taken by the cameras in four different directions are processed and stitched and displayed on the display in the cab.
The biggest advantage of this kind of system is that the driver can see the situation around the vehicle at low speed, which is more convenient in the storage and parking, and the advantage of this function is more obvious. Similar to the Volkswagen AreaView full-body image system.
â—† Honda Accord side monitoring function Lane Watch
Domestic configuration models:
Although the ninth-generation Accord and other models of Guangqi Honda do not have a full range of body images, the side monitor function of the Lane Watch can also eliminate blind spots and reduce safety hazards. This function can assist the driver to reverse the vehicle when the vehicle is reversing, which is what we usually call the reversing image. However, the difference from the general reversing image system is that in addition to the reversing camera installed at the rear of the vehicle, a camera is also mounted under the right side mirror of the vehicle for monitoring the blind area on the right side of the vehicle. The driver turns on by turning on the right turn signal or pressing the button on the top of the steering stick. Although it is not as powerful as the omni-directional body-influence system in the field of view, it has good definition and can avoid the safety hazard caused by the blind area on the right side of the vehicle.
â— Diligent training 4: Terrain monitoring system
Terrain surveillance systems are more common in high-end SUV models. Because these models are often driven in various difficult environments, major automakers will pre-set some driving modes to ensure the vehicle's handling under these special road conditions. The function of the terrain monitoring system is to feed back the road condition to the driver through the camera, eliminate the blind zone during driving and assist the driver to better select the driving mode of the vehicle.
â—† Toyota MTM multi-terrain selection function monitoring system
Domestic configuration models:
The MTM multi-terrain selection function monitoring system adopted by the FAW Toyota Prado VX series is one of the terrain monitoring systems. The system allows the driver to clearly know the position and road condition of the car through the front wheel steering angle between the camera at the front of the vehicle, the rear of the vehicle, and the rear view mirror at both sides of the rear view mirror. The driver can be informed of the time and direction of the driver and assist the driver in selecting the most appropriate driving mode to keep the vehicle in optimal driving condition.
When the MTM system is in operation, the four cameras distributed around the front and rear of the car body can also help the driver to monitor the situation around the car body and eliminate the driver's blind spots. When many off-road vehicles climb a steep slope with a large angle, the driver can only see the blue sky and white clouds in front of the driver's eyes. At this time, the camera in front of the car can promptly present the road surface situation in front of the driver to the driver. The obstacles that should be avoided, the distance to the top of the slope will be clear at a glance. At present, this system is equipped on SUV models such as FAW Toyota Prado.
â—† Land Rover wading sensing function
Configuration model:
The Land Rover Range Rover Sport and other models are available with optional water sensing. This function can improve the safety of the vehicle on the accumulated road surface, and let the driver decide whether to pass the water accumulation section to avoid the vehicle being flooded due to excessive water accumulation. The detector responsible for detecting the water depth is mounted on both side mirrors, which work in conjunction with the inclinometer to identify underwater ground undulations, and the detected information is displayed on the central touch screen as an image. The Range Rover Sport Edition has a maximum wading depth of 850mm.
The wading detection function can be turned on and off via the touch screen “4X4i†or the additional function menu. The touch screen will display the current water depth and the maximum wading depth. When approaching the maximum wading depth, the system will alert the driver via a touch screen display and an audible alert. If the system limit is exceeded, the touch screen will be grayed out and the water depth will not be displayed. The wading detection function can only work when the vehicle is traveling at a lower speed and the road surface is relatively flat. When the vehicle speed exceeds 10km/h or the slope exceeds 10°, the detection function will be suspended. The detection function will be turned back on when the vehicle speed returns to 10km/h and the road gradient is within 10°. If the vehicle speed exceeds 30km/h for more than 30 seconds, the wading sensing function will be automatically turned off.
In addition, when the vehicle is driving in an off-road environment, there may be a large drop in the ground, causing the water depth to change drastically, and the system cannot detect the rapidly increasing water depth, so the wading detection function should not be used in off-road conditions. When the surface of the sensor is covered with snow, ice, mud or other debris, the detector may have a detection error, which may cause the detection result to be inconsistent with the actual water depth.
â— Diligent training 5: automatic parking system
Domestic configuration models:
Qijun 2014 2.5L CVT Extreme Edition 4WD
Manufacturer's guide price
26.78 million
Automated parking is really useful for many people who are not skilled in driving. This feature allows the driver to easily complete the entire process of parking. The vehicle collects surrounding environment information and measures the distance and angle between itself and surrounding objects through a camera mounted on a side mirror or the like, and then measures the rotation of the steering wheel with the vehicle speed through the on-board computer. , so that the vehicle automatically enters the berth.
The 2014 Dongfeng Nissan Qijun 2.5LCVT Extreme Edition model is equipped with an automatic parking system that relies on the camera. It can accurately park the vehicle in three positions: horizontal, vertical and oblique. The system replaces the sensor detectors around the body that are commonly used in other automatic parking systems with side-view mirrors and front and rear cameras. It measures the position and size of the parking space through the image returned by the camera. The video signal is processed by the onboard computer and is responsible for vehicle steering and power system control.
When the driver needs to park, the vehicle needs to be stopped first. The main reason for this is because the system uses camera monitoring, and the vehicle must be completely stopped before the parking line and surrounding vehicles can be effectively scanned. Then the driver enters the parking mode through the central control screen, and the blue box will appear on the screen to cover the expected parking space. At this time, release the hands and press the parking button to realize automatic parking.
to sum up:
The driver no longer suffers from the slap of the rain because of the water droplets on the mirror; no longer sees the direction because of the glare of the glare; no longer stops because of the unknown depth of the water; no longer because of the blind spot in the field of view. There are flaws and accidents. These changes are inseparable from the continuous improvement of the side mirror's own functions and the various electronic security systems that are placed on it. Our own design combined with modern electronic technology makes us more comfortable when driving vehicles. The scene that the side mirrors can present to us is no longer limited to the limited area in the mirror. What do you want to ask behind this kind of difference? I think there is only one answer, driving is safer.
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