Full-duplex is what it means - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

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Q: There is a CP module for the PLC station in the factory, model 443-1EX20-0XE0. This module has two network card ports. When configuring other options in the hardware setup, it shows the message: "For operation with PROFINET IO, please ensure that the PROFINET IO device is connected. All ports can operate at full 100 Mbps. Avoid using a hub to split the network."

A: Full-duplex communication refers to the ability of a system to transmit and receive data simultaneously. In other words, both ends can send and receive information at the same time, like a two-way conversation where both parties can speak and listen at once.

Half-duplex, on the other hand, allows data transmission in only one direction at a time. For example, if you're using a walkie-talkie, you can either talk or listen, but not both at the same time.

To better understand, imagine a bridge where cars are crossing. If the bridge is wide enough, vehicles can pass in both directions without interfering—this is full-duplex. However, if the bridge is narrow, only one direction can be used at a time, which is similar to half-duplex.

In networking, full-duplex is commonly used in modern switches, allowing them to send and receive data simultaneously, improving performance and reducing latency. Early devices like hubs operated in half-duplex mode, which limited their efficiency.

The main advantage of full-duplex is faster and more reliable communication, making it ideal for high-speed networks. As technology continues to evolve, half-duplex systems are becoming less common and are gradually being replaced by more advanced full-duplex solutions.